image of describing words for special education students edited by Swint
Overview of Exceptionalities
and
General Music Considerations
Directions: Review the information provided on the various disabilities, and complete the self-reflection. Take your completed self reflection to your lead special education teacher to brainstorm any changes. Then download your early out bonus pass! Move onto the section on Adaptive Music Instruments.
image of describing words for people with learning disabilities
Learning Disabilities
Defined:
Public Law 101-476, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) defines a learning disability as a “disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using spoken or written language, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations.” Leaning Disabilities, also referred to as Speech-Language Disorder, includes such conditions as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, hyperplexia, developmental aphasia, and brain injury. Learning Disabilities do not refer to learning problems that are result of other conditions such as visual, hearing, or motor impairments, Intellectual Disabilities or emotional disturbances. Persons with a learning disability can have average or above average intelligence.
Public Law 101-476, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) defines a learning disability as a “disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using spoken or written language, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations.” Leaning Disabilities, also referred to as Speech-Language Disorder, includes such conditions as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, hyperplexia, developmental aphasia, and brain injury. Learning Disabilities do not refer to learning problems that are result of other conditions such as visual, hearing, or motor impairments, Intellectual Disabilities or emotional disturbances. Persons with a learning disability can have average or above average intelligence.
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image of Autism listing the words always unique totally interesting sometimes mysterious
Autism
Defined:
Autism is a developmental disability generally occurring within the first 3 years of life. Considered a neurological disorder affecting the functioning of the brain, the behaviors manifested may include impaired social interaction, impaired verbal and nonverbal communication, repetitive body movements such as rocking or hand flapping, unusual responses to people and objects, and resistance to change. Autism is defined by a set of behavioral criteria and results in persons falling somewhere on an autistic continuum. This also allows for autistic-related disorders including Autistic Disorder, Rett’s Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger’s Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
Autism is a developmental disability generally occurring within the first 3 years of life. Considered a neurological disorder affecting the functioning of the brain, the behaviors manifested may include impaired social interaction, impaired verbal and nonverbal communication, repetitive body movements such as rocking or hand flapping, unusual responses to people and objects, and resistance to change. Autism is defined by a set of behavioral criteria and results in persons falling somewhere on an autistic continuum. This also allows for autistic-related disorders including Autistic Disorder, Rett’s Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger’s Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
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image of feelings often held by people with emotional/behavior issues
Behavioral/Emotional Disorders
Defined:
Behavioral problems are very difficult to identify and define. They can refer to a wide range of emotional disorders including depression, affective disorder, anxiety disorder, and schizophrenia. The definition relies on descriptions and characteristics of the behaviors, but does refer to behaviors that fall outside of the realm of socially accepted “normal” behavior. These behaviors are long-term and persistent, and are generally unresponsive to direct interventions applied in general education.
Behavioral problems are very difficult to identify and define. They can refer to a wide range of emotional disorders including depression, affective disorder, anxiety disorder, and schizophrenia. The definition relies on descriptions and characteristics of the behaviors, but does refer to behaviors that fall outside of the realm of socially accepted “normal” behavior. These behaviors are long-term and persistent, and are generally unresponsive to direct interventions applied in general education.
Possible Characteristics:
Behavior disorder
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image: I have a hearing loss; please face me, speak clearly, don't shout, write your message if necessary
edited by Swint
edited by Swint
Hearing Impairments
Defined:
There are four types of hearing loss: Conductive Hearing Loss, caused by diseases or obstructions in the outer or middle ear; Sensorineural Hearing Loss, caused by damage to the delicate sensory hair cells in the inner ear or nerves; Mixed Hearing Loss, involving problems of the outer or middle ear, and the inner ear; Central Hearing Loss, caused by damage to the nerves or nuclei of the central nervous system. Persons said to be “hard of hearing” have some degree of hearing loss, but can still decipher speech and process language. Others who are considered “deaf” may detect some sounds, but it has no meaning for them. The onset of deafness varies with the individual and may affect the individual’s language development. The amount of hearing loss is measured in degrees by decibels (dB) ranging from slight loss (from 27 to 40 db) to profound loss (91dB or more). There are several different forms and symbol systems for communication used by Deaf and Hard of Hearing persons, each representing different philosophies. These include American Sign Language, Finger spelling, Manual Communication (a combination of sign language and finger spelling), Oral Communication (speech and speech-reading), Cued Speech, Simultaneous Communication (speech, signs, and finger spelling), and Total Communication (use of all methods).
There are four types of hearing loss: Conductive Hearing Loss, caused by diseases or obstructions in the outer or middle ear; Sensorineural Hearing Loss, caused by damage to the delicate sensory hair cells in the inner ear or nerves; Mixed Hearing Loss, involving problems of the outer or middle ear, and the inner ear; Central Hearing Loss, caused by damage to the nerves or nuclei of the central nervous system. Persons said to be “hard of hearing” have some degree of hearing loss, but can still decipher speech and process language. Others who are considered “deaf” may detect some sounds, but it has no meaning for them. The onset of deafness varies with the individual and may affect the individual’s language development. The amount of hearing loss is measured in degrees by decibels (dB) ranging from slight loss (from 27 to 40 db) to profound loss (91dB or more). There are several different forms and symbol systems for communication used by Deaf and Hard of Hearing persons, each representing different philosophies. These include American Sign Language, Finger spelling, Manual Communication (a combination of sign language and finger spelling), Oral Communication (speech and speech-reading), Cued Speech, Simultaneous Communication (speech, signs, and finger spelling), and Total Communication (use of all methods).
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image of fingers reading Braile writing edited by Swint
Visual Impairments
Defined:
Visually Impaired may refer to individuals who are legally blind, or who are partially sighted. Legally blind refers to a visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye after correction. Partially sighted individuals have a visual acuity of between 20/200 and 20/70 in the better eye after correction.
Visually Impaired may refer to individuals who are legally blind, or who are partially sighted. Legally blind refers to a visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye after correction. Partially sighted individuals have a visual acuity of between 20/200 and 20/70 in the better eye after correction.
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image of children with disabilities holding hands stating "learning knows no bounds" edited by Swint
Orthopedic Impairments
Defined:
Orthopedic impairments refer to a type of motor dysfunction that interferes with the functioning of the bones, muscles, or joints of an individual. Generally they refer to medical problems and do not refer to interferences with intellectual functioning. These impairments can be of a neurological type affecting the Central Nervous System. Impairments of this type include Multiple Sclerosis, Spina Bifida and spinal cord injuries. Orthopedic impairments can also involve the skeletal system and include Cerebral Palsy, Muscular Dystrophy, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, amputations, and congenital malformations. Orthopedic impairments can be a result of congenital or adventitious (acquired) conditions.
Orthopedic impairments refer to a type of motor dysfunction that interferes with the functioning of the bones, muscles, or joints of an individual. Generally they refer to medical problems and do not refer to interferences with intellectual functioning. These impairments can be of a neurological type affecting the Central Nervous System. Impairments of this type include Multiple Sclerosis, Spina Bifida and spinal cord injuries. Orthopedic impairments can also involve the skeletal system and include Cerebral Palsy, Muscular Dystrophy, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, amputations, and congenital malformations. Orthopedic impairments can be a result of congenital or adventitious (acquired) conditions.
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image of teacher telling student: "you know - we underestimated you!" student response: "lucky I didn't!"
Intellectual Disabilities
Defined:
Intellectual Disabilities refer to individuals with below-average intellectual functioning. Classifications are defined in terms of an Intelligent Quotient, with Moderate Intellectual Impairment being an I.Q. of 35-40 to 50-55, Severe Intellectual Impairment being an I.Q. level of 20-25 to 35-40, and Profound Intellectual Impairment being an I.Q. level below 20-25. Mild Intellectual Impairment would be an I.Q. of 55 to just below normal (70-80). The causes of Intellectual Disabilities can be a result of congenital and genetic disorders, or a host of other non-genetic causes ranging from malnutrition, neglect, prenatal exposure to drugs/alcohol, difficulties during labor/delivery, post-natal infections, or head injuries. Common terms for some intellectual disabilities include Down Syndrome (I.Q. in the Moderate range) and Fragile X Syndrome (I.Q. in the Severe range).
Intellectual Disabilities refer to individuals with below-average intellectual functioning. Classifications are defined in terms of an Intelligent Quotient, with Moderate Intellectual Impairment being an I.Q. of 35-40 to 50-55, Severe Intellectual Impairment being an I.Q. level of 20-25 to 35-40, and Profound Intellectual Impairment being an I.Q. level below 20-25. Mild Intellectual Impairment would be an I.Q. of 55 to just below normal (70-80). The causes of Intellectual Disabilities can be a result of congenital and genetic disorders, or a host of other non-genetic causes ranging from malnutrition, neglect, prenatal exposure to drugs/alcohol, difficulties during labor/delivery, post-natal infections, or head injuries. Common terms for some intellectual disabilities include Down Syndrome (I.Q. in the Moderate range) and Fragile X Syndrome (I.Q. in the Severe range).
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Information adapted from:
Lane, M., & Statella-Harris, C. (2008). Incorporating music therapy techniques into the general music classroom: attitudes, approaches, and adaptations. Resource booklet provided to the Fulton County General Music Teachers.
Youtube Video on Modifications/Accommodations for general ed
This video can be viewed to give you some ideas of how you might adjust instruction int he music room.
Early Out Bonus Pass!
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